Climate Change Expected to Alter Avalanche Patterns in Switzerland by 2100

A recent study predicts that by 2100, climate change will lead to fewer avalanches overall in Switzerland, but will increase the risk of wet snow avalanches, particularly above the tree line. As winter temperatures rise by approximately five degrees Celsius, the nature of avalanche activity will fundamentally alter, necessitating adjusted safety measures in ski resorts.

Climate change is predicted to induce a shift in avalanche behavior in Switzerland by the year 2100. While the overall frequency of avalanches is expected to decrease, researchers from the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) caution that the occurrence of wet snow avalanches will increase, particularly above the tree line. This change can be attributed to a rise in average winter temperatures, which could be approximately five degrees Celsius higher by the turn of the century. Wet snow avalanches occur when rain or melting water penetrates the snowpack, leading to a more dangerous situation. The SLF’s findings suggest that, despite fewer avalanches occurring in lower valley locations due to elevated snow lines and reduced snow accumulation, the risk of larger avalanches at higher altitudes may still persist. Particularly extreme snowfall events could cause significant avalanches that may traverse valleys, resembling previous patterns. The SLF conducted extensive research at several high-altitude sites across Switzerland, including the Weissfluhjoch near Davos and locations close to Zermatt, confirming the implications of climate change on avalanche patterns. The study’s findings are applicable not only to Switzerland but may also extend to similar mountainous regions, such as the Columbia Mountains in Canada.

Avalanche risk in mountainous regions is invariably linked to climate conditions, with significant implications for safety, particularly in ski resorts. As global temperatures rise, the nature and frequency of avalanches are expected to manifest changes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing safety measures in outdoor activities, especially in regions accustomed to winter sports. The recent research by the SLF offers valuable insight into the future landscape of avalanche hazards in Switzerland.

In conclusion, climate change is anticipated to transform avalanche occurrences in Switzerland by 2100, decreasing dry snow avalanches while increasing the incidence of wet snow avalanches. Researchers emphasize the importance of adapting safety measures, particularly in vulnerable ski resort areas. Understanding the nuanced effects of rising temperatures on avalanche dynamics is critical for ensuring the safety of both locals and tourists in these mountain regions.

Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch