Analysis of Major Earthquake Occurrences and India’s Vulnerability

A powerful earthquake measuring 7.1 struck southern Tibet on January 7, 2025, affecting northern India, especially Bihar. China, Indonesia, and Japan lead in significant earthquake occurrences from 1990 to 2024, with India ranked seventh and suffering 58 major earthquakes. The nation’s geographical positioning makes it particularly vulnerable to seismic activity, necessitating better preparedness and construction practices.

On January 7, 2025, southern Tibet experienced a significant earthquake measuring 7.1 in magnitude, with its epicenter located approximately 93 kilometers northeast of Lobuche, near the Nepal-Tibet border. The tremors were felt across a vast region of northern India, particularly in Bihar, marking the most powerful seismic event in the area since the devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake, which claimed roughly 10,000 lives.

Numerous Asian countries are susceptible to seismic activities, with China and Indonesia identified as the most earthquake-prone nations. According to data provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Indonesia has recorded a staggering 2,212 earthquakes of magnitude 4 and above, placing it at the forefront, followed closely by Mexico and the Philippines.

A comprehensive analysis by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) between 1990 and early 2024 indicates that China experienced the highest number of catastrophic earthquakes, totaling 186. This surpasses Indonesia’s record of 166 significant seismic events and highlights Japan’s considerable activity with 98 major earthquakes within the same timeframe.

India ranks as the seventh most earthquake-prone country globally, having experienced 58 major earthquakes since 1990. Its susceptibility to seismic activity is attributed to its location at the convergence of several tectonic plates, coupled with a complex geological structure and rapidly developing urban areas. Approximately 59 percent of India’s land is at risk of moderate to severe seismic events, predominantly in the Himalayan region, where devastating earthquakes such as the Shillong earthquake in 1897 and the Kangra quake in 1905 occurred, reaching magnitudes above 8.0.

In summary, while several Asian nations face significant earthquake risks, India’s geographical and structural vulnerabilities contribute to its ranking as one of the most affected countries by major seismic events. Even though China leads in terms of devastating earthquakes, India’s position underscores the pressing need for improved preparedness and regulation in construction practices in earthquake-prone areas.

The article discusses the occurrences of major earthquakes in various countries, particularly focusing on recent seismic activities in southern Tibet and their impact on northern India. It outlines the statistics regarding earthquake occurrences from 1990 to 2024, highlighting the countries most affected by significant seismic events. The geographical and geological reasons for India’s earthquake vulnerability are also elaborated.

In conclusion, India is indeed among the countries frequently impacted by major earthquakes, ranking seventh globally in terms of significant seismic activity. The recent earthquake in southern Tibet and its subsequent tremors felt across northern India underscore the ongoing risk associated with its geographical position. The data presented shows an urgent need for heightened awareness and improved construction regulations to mitigate the impacts of such natural disasters.

Original Source: indianexpress.com