Four Wars in Syria: A 14-Year Retrospective

The article examines the ongoing Syrian civil war, marking 14 years since the protests began. It highlights the recent ousting of President Bashar al-Assad and the ascendance of interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa. Despite this change, violence persists due to ongoing sectarian conflicts, Kurdish tensions, and the resurgence of ISIS. International responses are mixed, complicating efforts for stability.

It has now been 14 years since protests erupted in Syria, leading to a complex civil war that continues to this day. The recent overthrow of President Bashar al-Assad marks a significant transformation in the conflict, as Syrian Interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa, formerly Abu Mohammed al-Golani, assumes power. This shift highlights the ongoing volatility within Syria, reflecting both internal and external influences.

Assad’s rapid removal from power following a decisive insurgency has exposed the fragility of his administration. Key allies including Iran and Russia have struggled to respond effectively due to their own preoccupations, allowing the opposition to gain significant ground against Assad’s regime. Areas once loyal to his Baath Party have started to align with Sharaa, though violent backlash from Assad’s supporters has led to tragic sectarian violence.

The fatal ambushes targeting interim government security forces have resulted in extensive civilian casualties, predominantly among Alawites. This situation presents a crucial test for Sharaa, who is now seen as a figurehead for unity but faces intense pressure to manage various rebel factions and halt ongoing violence. International responses have been mixed, reflecting divergent strategies among regional powers.

In terms of the Kurdish population, the U.S. has maintained a relatively active role despite official statements minimizing involvement in the Syrian conflict. Mediated agreements between the U.S.-backed Kurdish forces and the interim government could shape the future of governance in northern Syria, yet tensions remain high with Turkey, which views the Kurdish forces as a threat.

Amidst these shifting alliances, Israel has prioritized safeguarding the rights of the Druze community while conducting military operations in Southern Syria. This includes asserting control over strategic areas and creating a demilitarized zone, which complicates Syria’s internal dynamics and poses risks for the interim government. Protest actions among the Druze have further highlighted the fragile balance between these local and foreign interests.

ISIS remains an enduring threat, despite efforts to dismantle its influence following prior territorial losses. Under Sharaa’s leadership, the Syrian government now faces the challenge of addressing the insurgent activities and possible resurgence of extremist factions previously retained within rebel territories. The global implications of ISIS conduct extend beyond Syria, emphasizing the urgency for cohesive international strategies to stabilize the region.

In summary, the Syrian civil war has evolved significantly over the past 14 years, culminating in the recent ousting of President Bashar al-Assad. The appointment of Ahmad al-Sharaa introduces a new chapter fraught with challenges, including sectarian violence, a precarious Kurdish situation, and the persistence of extremist groups like ISIS. Should his administration fail to navigate these complexities, Syria could face further deterioration. International interests continue to diverge, complicating any efforts aimed at fostering peace and stability. The situation remains dynamic, requiring careful observation as local and global players respond to this transformative period.

Original Source: www.newsweek.com